Deciphering a hidden messaging system inside cells

Tabitha Hees receives the Otto Hahn Medal for pioneering mitochondria research

Mitochondria are often called the “powerhouses” of cells because they generate the energy needed for essential functions. But what do they have to do with Alzheimer’s disease? When Tabitha Hees began working in Angelika Harbauer’s group at the Max Planck Institute for Biological Intelligence, she had no idea that the hormone insulin might be a central piece of the puzzle. Now, all that has changed: her ground breaking research have earned her the Otto Hahn Medal. In this interview, she discusses what she discovered, what winning the prize means to her, and why she finds mitochondrial research so fascinating.

Tabitha, your research focuses on mitochondria – the “powerhouses” of cells. What exactly did you discover?

All neurons in the brain contain mitochondria, which supply them with the energy they need to function. In my doctoral research, I discovered that insulin plays a central role in a nerve cell’s quality control system by influencing whether damaged mitochondria are recycled, broken down and removed or simply kept in use by the cell. When insulin signalling is disrupted and faulty mitochondria are not removed, it can severely harm neurons. These defective mitochondria may not be able to meet the cell’s energy needs and can also release harmful byproducts that damage other parts of the cell. Over time, this may impair cell function and can contribute to the development of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s.

So, your study provides an important foundation for understanding these diseases?

Yes, exactly. Our research uncovered a new link between disrupted mitochondrial function, insulin signalling, and processes that can lead to neurodegeneration. What I find especially interesting is how this delicate balance is disturbed in the first place – and whether it can be restored. These questions are fascinating not only from a fundamental research perspective, answering them could also help to inform the development of future therapies. Essentially, we have laid the groundwork for several promising directions for further study in this regard.

What excites you most about your research?

I am fascinated by how precisely coordinated the multitude of processes within a cell must be. The various cellular components – like the mitochondria – must work very closely together, even though we can’t see it happening with the naked eye. It often feels like I am on the trail of a hidden messaging system. Those little “aha!” moments, when a piece of the puzzle suddenly fits, are the most rewarding part of research for me.

What does receiving the Otto Hahn Medal mean to you?

For me, it is about more than just recognizing good science. It also acknowledges the long and often challenging journey of doing a PhD. More than anything, it is highly motivating to think that my work could really make a difference by opening new directions for research and treatment of neurodegenerative diseases.

What are you doing now, after your PhD?

I have decided to complement my academic background with practical experience in the pharmaceutical industry. What I find particularly exciting is seeing how basic research is translated into real-world applications. A Future Leaders Program allows me to work across different departments, expanding my skillset through a wide range of roles and responsibilities. This experience will be invaluable for my next steps, whether I continue in industry or return to academic research.

 

The interview was conducted by Magdalena Warner.